Fairly simple:
Assuming a table called tblCodes, with a StudentID field and a Code field.
Here is the query:
SELECT
tblCodes.StudentID
, tblCodes.Code
, Location(Left([Code],1)) AS One
, Location(Mid([Code],2,1)) AS Two
, Location(Mid([Code],3,1)) AS Three
, Location(Mid([Code],4,1)) AS...