Sorry for late reply - this has been my solution:
Our corporate OneDrive stores shareable links as a webpage URL instead of a .jpg/.png URL, so no luck here without automation via CreateObject InternetExplorer :banghead:
However, retrieving images using SharePoint works via URLDownloadToFile Function (https:// github.com/GustavBrock/VBA.PictureUrl/blob/master/Internet.bas). Space added to URL due to my low rep.
There is one caveat for me though, which is that my organization uses an OTP token for SharePoint authentication so I have to open a hidden Internet Explorer window to login first before retrieving image files.
Hope this helps!