Normally you should not store a value that can be calculated when you need it. However, your mention of a date link suggests that the values may change over time, and that a calculation in the future may produce a different result.
I think the best way would be to use a combo box on a form to capture the user input. The combo should be based on a table that holds the allowable text values, and assigns these A, B, C etc. Use some code in the form to set the dependant field to pick up the value from the combo.
There are other ways you could do this.
I realise this is not a trivial suggestion for a newbie.