A better place to place code that involves relationships between fields is the BeforeUpdate event of the form. Unless you intend to make a wizard-like process where the user can only move from field-to-field under your program control, you can't really use the Exit or AfterUpdate events of controls to trigger your editing. If the cursor is never placed in a control, its Exit event will never fire. when you place edit code in the BeforeUpdate event of the form, be sure to cancel the update event if any errors are found.
If Len(Me.SomeField) > 0 Then
If Len(Me.SomeOtherField) = 0 Then
MsgBox, "SomeOtherField may not be empty.", vbOKOnly
Me.SomeOtherField.SetFocus
Cancel = True
End If
End If