It is a hanging offence to store a total and yet we are prepared to create such an overhead.
While this is true of a relational database, it certainly isn't true of all types of database.
For example, once a Scheme has closed, the values will always remain the same no matter what. so each time we want to compare Schemes we perform calcuations on fixed values it seems really efficient to re-calculate values that will never change..
Typically you will build a data warehouse that DOES store aggregates at various levels. Server based engines are well suited to updating and making available such databases. Once the databases are built, the organisation can then point what toys it chooses to take that data further - web based dashboards, dynamic reports on demand, business analysis tools, data extraction etc. Data warehouses are typically separate from the transactional databases that run the day to day business.
Imho, the argument of MS SQL (et. al.) versus Access isn't about ability to process SQL - I'm pretty sure MS SQL will handle any SQL one dares to throw at Access. The issue is about scale.
For single or small number of users on a local network, Access does a great job of delivering solutions quickly. If we're talking reporting then sure, get Access to pull data from a range of sources, crunch some numbers and spit out reports or update spreadsheets and dashboards through various mediums and locations. It does this very well and there's nothing I like better than waving Access' sorcery over some data problem and producing some results while the Excel users are getting bogged down with the slowness of their vlookups and pivots (excepting to some extent power pivot/power bi).
But then consider an organisation collecting say millions of records per year e.g. a call centre. And then wanting to report figures in a variety of schemas and formats to teams based nationally or maybe even internationally. There's issues about pushing large volumes of data to a multi-user wan. There's also issues of security, consistency and maintenance. And how do we keep the users up to date with what we are delivering? The OP is talking about 100-400 users. This is not where Access sits imho.
I love Access and for many years I would deliver the Access solution. But there are just so many other products and principles outside of Access that should also be considered either along side or instead of Access for many situations.
My advice to the OP is to get a feel for a range of tools and methods of managing business data and delivering information solutions. And get acquainted with a server based engine. I taught myself the basics of MySql and MS Sql at home. It was enough to seal me a job in a previous company.