there many options. Some better than others.
On the MS Office CD's there is a folder called MSDE. It is a workstation version of SQL server. It stands for Microsoft Data Engine. You can install that (make sure you read the install instructions for the msde as it is IMPERITIVE to it's functioning) to use on your desktop or for an intranet. As usual, it's a slightly crippled version of the big-pappa SQL server.
You don't need Win Server to run SQL server or the MSDE BUT you should have plenty of RAM.
Ideally, You would have Win Server plus SQL server but it is not an absolute necessity and that, of course, it highly dependent on your situation; i.e. if you're devl'ing and testing or in production etc.
If you go with SQL server, you have the Enterprise Manager to use to administer the server. If you go with the MSDE (free by the way) you can use something like SQLExecMS
http://www.laplas-soft.com/ to administer it. There are command line instructions as well, but they are a PITA.
You can then create any front you want. An access project or a VB, .NET, ASP3 ..anything.
It is VERY worth updating from access backend to at least the MSDE. It's much faster and you can save yourself some application coding by shoving the logic into a stored procedure. For example (basic). In access, I had to use a bunch of different queries to run counts. In SQL server, I made one SPROC with multiple sub selects for all the counts and returned all the values. One hit to the db connection instead of 10. You do the math.
