It depends on how you connect the Arduino board to the outside world
If you connect via Wi-Fi and associate a fixed IP address with the board, the board effectively becomes a web server, which you can query from Access with an HTTP GET request
Better still, if you install an MQTT client on the Arduino board, you can install Mosquitto on the PC where Access is installed (may be other pc in lan), and from Access code you can send and receive MQTT commands
The key is to understand how the Arduino board can communicate with the outside world
Once that's defined, you can then check how to get Access to communicate with the board
What board do you have exactly?