If your home phone is VOIP through a router, it is possible using software (though I've never done it.) IF this is what you are asking, do a web search on "Connect VOIP through my computer" or "Connect VOIP through router to computer". Some articles I noted named one or the other type of downloadable software. If I post the link, it might be mistaken as me recommending this software, but I have no experience. It would be better for you to do the evaluation.
IF, on the other hand, you are looking at RS-232-C connections, this is your serial port which should have a built-in modem. There is a "ZMODEM protocol" that you can look up. Again, I cannot tell you much about it because it has been a bunch of years since I had to play with that and time has marched on considerably since I have had to do that. But yes, the serial port (if modern computers still have them) should be able to dink around with phone company land-line connections.