If it is a business rule that a student cannot re-take the test, then you need to be able to remember that the student HAS taken the test. If you have more than one test, then you might need a "junction table" that records the fact that student X has taken test #1 and is thus ineligible to take it again. You would be able to just do a DCount function to see if you have an entry for Student "X" and Test 1. Your count would be 1 or 0 and if 1, the student would be ineligible.
In that case, your login could test for the situation and pop up a message "You have already taken this test" - after which you would do whatever it is that you would do for an ineligible person.