You may need to define an import specification...
I think the use of "|" as a delimiter is what is giving you problems. You may circumvent the problem by defining, saving and using an import specification.
To do this, first import the data manually.
> [File], [Get external data], [Import]
> Select your data.txt file
> Specify [delimited], and select [Advanced] at the bottom of the dialog box
> Again, specify [delimited], and define "|" as your [Field Delimiter]
> [Save as], and define a name for your specification. I used "DataImportSpec"
> Complete the rest of the wizard
The code is now:
DoCmd.TransferText acImportDelim, "DataImportSpec", "Data", "C:full Path\data.TXT", 0
Let me know if it worked?