Changing the schema on a production database is problematic. There are great tools available for SQL server to compare one database to another and generate the necessary DDL to equalize the schemas. There are none for Access. So, what I do is upsize my from and to BE's to SQL Server and run the tool to generate the DDL. I then edit it (mostly you need to change "." to "_" in the table names) to make it ACE compatable. Then I run the DDL against the "old" production schema, upsize that version and compare again to make sure all the changes have been applied.
Of course, this is all a lot of work but necessary if you have many changes. For small changes, I just write the DDL myself as I go along. Then unless the changes were trivial, to validate my work I upsize and compare.
If your changes involve splitting or combining tables, you will also need to create queries to handle the data transformation.
Before you make your final changes to the production BE, you must back it up. Two is not too many backups. Three is better. To make schema changes, all users must be out of the database. I normally do schema changes after normal business hours or on weekends so I don't impact daily work.