Assuming Field3, which contains the 700, 500, 580, is a numeric field. You can sum the three records with a group by query:
SELECT Field1, Field2, sum(iif(Field3=500,-Field4,Field4)) as Calculation
FROM yourTable
GROUP BY Field1, Field2
If Field3 is actually a text field, you need to put the 500 in quotes i.e.
sum(iif(Field3='500',-Field4,Field4))
The sum(iif(...)) tells Access if Field3 is 500, - Field4, otherwise + Field4 for each record in the group.
You can try this query. Click New in the Queries tab. Click OK on Design View. Click Close on Show Table. From Access' View menu, click SQL View. Copy and paste the above SELECT query to the SQL View window. Replace with the correct field names and table name. Click on the Run button (the one with the red exclamation mark on it) to run the query.
Hope this gives you the calculation you desired.